What is difference between .include and .append structure?

Include structure:-

allows adding one or more structure into structure or table. Also placed positioning anywhere.Up to 6 include structure can be used in a table.

IT Requires Database Utility.

Append structure:-

can be placed only at the end of a structure or table which also stops further insertion of fields. Only one append structure can be used.

Append structure is used to add additional fields to standard SAP tables.

Append structure cannot be used with cluster and pooled tables.Append structure is included in a table/structure using.APPENDThe name of an append structure can begin with ZZ / YY.

The extra fields are added only at the end of the table structure.

Notes: Data element of Append structure start with 'ZZ' or 'YY'. 

Append and Include structure. 

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How to create a Include Structure in SAP SE11?

Include structure.

Prerequisite: User should know how to create a Database table.
Example:  if we need to maintain Temporary and Permanent address in the table. For this, we will define all address related fields in a structure and will include this structure twice in the table.
Include structure: allows adding one or more structure into structure or table. Also placed positioning anywhere. Up to 6 include structure can be used in a table. Include structure is used to include the structure to the custom table.

What is structure?

The structure is a list of fields defined under a name, which is used to process data at run-time in SAP ABAP applications.

Structures are two types one is global structure and another one is local structure. The local structure can be created in ABAP programs and global structure can be created in the data dictionary and can be reusable in different objects.

Step's to create  a structure in the data dictionary.

Go to SE11, select Data Type radio button and click on create button.

A pop up will open, select structure radio button and continue.

Provide a short description, add some fields, Maintain enhancements category, Save and Activate the structure

The structure is created, now we can use this structure in our ABAP programs & database tables.

Now include structure is created we can add to a table or database table.

.Include  structure name.

exp: Field(.include) data element (ZSAP_STRUCTURE).

Add Include structure to a table an Activate table.

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How to create a database table in SAP ABAP SE11?

SAP ABAP transparent table.

A table can be created in two ways, one is bottom to top approach and another one is top to bottom approach.

A) Top to Bottom:- In this approach, first table fields are defined and later domain and data element are defined.
B) Bottom to Top:- In this approach, the first domain and data element are defined and later table will be created.
In this example, we are going to learn how to create SAP transparent table by using Top to bottom approach.
Step 1: Go to SE11 T-code, provide table name( ZSTUDENT_TABLE) & Click on create button.
(NOTE:- Table name must start with 'Z' or 'Y' letter.)

When you click on 'Create' button it goes on next screen. Provide a short description, delivery class (A), Display Maintenance Allowed and select fields tab.

Select Fields tab, add a field STUDENT_NO, data element as ZSTUDENT_NO and check Key and Initial Value checkboxes

A table must contain at least one key field, without a key field we are not able to create a table.

Double click on data element ZSTUDENT_NO (Not yet created), a pop up will open, click yes and one more information message will come press enter.

Now a pop up will come asking to create date element, click yes.

Provide a short description, click on the field label an enter field label and save.

Enter domain name 'ZSTUDENT_NO' an double click on that & click on yes
Provide a short description, data type, no. Characters, save and activate that domain.

Similarly, Create remaining fields with data elements and domains as showing below.

Once all fields are created click on 'Technical Settings' button or provide se13 Tcode and maintain technical setting for the same table.

Provide data class and size category in the technical setting a click save button.

Maintain Enhancement category, Extras -> Enhancement category ->Can be enhanced(charater-type or numeric).

Click on Save, Check, and Active button.
Now add entries to table.
Utilities(M) -> Table Contents -> Create entries.

Now you will gate next screen for creating entries.

Enter the required data and click on save button.
Once you have done with creating entries go back an click on Utilities(M) -> Table Contents -> display. You will gate all the data you have already entered.

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